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The Bertha Benz Memorial Route is a German tourist and theme route in Baden-Württemberg〔(Official tourist webpage of Baden-Württemberg )〕 and member of the European Route of Industrial Heritage.〔(ERIH European Route of Industrial Heritage )〕 It opened in 2008 and follows the tracks of the world's first long distance road trip in 1888. ==History== Bertha Benz's husband, Karl Benz, patented the first automobile designed to produce its own power in January 1886 (Reichspatent No. 37435).〔(Original patent specification )〕〔(Mercedes Benz webpage on Carl Benz' patent )〕 In early August 1888,〔Winfried A. Seidel: ''Carl Benz. Eine badische Geschichte''. Edition Diesbach, Weinheim 2005, ISBN 3-936468-29-X., page 43〕 without her husband's knowledge, Bertha Benz, with her sons Richard (aged 14) and Eugen (aged 15), drove in Benz's newly constructed Patent Motorwagen No. 3 automobile, from Mannheim to her own birthplace, Pforzheim, becoming the first person to drive an automobile over more than a very short distance.〔(Mercedes Benz webpage )〕 The distance was about . Distances driven before this historic trip were short, being merely trials with mechanical assistants.〔(Karl Volk:) ''Carl Benz. Lebensfahrt eines Erfinders''. Koehler & Amelang 1925, unchanged reprint München 2001, ISBN 3-7338-0302-7. (( Onlineversion )), chapter "Die ersten Fahrten: Im Fabrikhofe & Auf der Straße"〕〔Winfried A. Seidel: ''Carl Benz. Eine badische Geschichte''. Edition Diesbach, Weinheim 2005, ISBN 3-936468-29-X, page 38: Article in the "Badische Landeszeitung", June 4, 1886, and in the "Generalanzeiger", Sept 5, 1886.〕 Although the ostensible purpose of the trip was to visit her mother,〔(Karl Volk:) ''Carl Benz. Lebensfahrt eines Erfinders''. Koehler & Amelang 1925, unchanged reprint München 2001, ISBN 3-7338-0302-7. (( Onlineversion )), chapter: "Wir fahren in die Welt! Die erste Fernfahrt".〕 Bertha Benz also had another motive: to show her brilliant husband – who had failed to consider marketing his invention adequately – that the automobile would become a financial success once it was shown to be useful to the general public.〔(Mercedes Benz webpage )〕 On the way, she solved numerous problems. She had to find Ligroin, a solvent available only at dispensing chemists' shops, to use as fuel.〔(Bertha Benz Memorial Route webpage )〕 Thus the still existing Stadt-Apotheke (Town Pharmacy) in Wiesloch, some kilometres south of Heidelberg, became the world's first filling station.〔(The 1st Gas Station )〕 A blacksmith had to help mend a chain in Bruchsal.〔(Karl Volk:) ''Carl Benz. Lebensfahrt eines Erfinders''. Koehler & Amelang 1925, unchanged reprint München 2001, ISBN 3-7338-0302-7. (( Onlineversion )), chapter: "Wir fahren in die Welt! Die erste Fernfahrt".〕 Brake linings were replaced in Bauschlott/Neulingen north of Pforzheim.〔http://www.neulingen.de/index.cfm?fuseaction=neulingen&rubrik=historisches&id=26 The leather was nailed onto the brake blocks by the shoemaker Karl Britsch in front of the guesthouse "Adler" (Eagle).〕 And Bertha Benz had to use a long, straight hatpin to clean a fuel pipe which had become blocked, and a garter to insulate a wire.〔(Prof. John H. Lienhard: The Engines of Our Ingenuity )〕 Bertha and her sons left Mannheim around dawn and reached Pforzheim somewhat after dusk, notifying Karl of their successful journey by telegram.〔(Karl Volk:) ''Carl Benz. Lebensfahrt eines Erfinders''. Koehler & Amelang 1925, unchanged reprint München 2001, ISBN 3-7338-0302-7. (( Onlineversion )), chapter: "Wir fahren in die Welt! Die erste Fernfahrt".〕 They drove back to Mannheim three days later, by a different itinerary. Along the way, several people were frightened by the automobile and the novel trip received a great deal of publicity – as she had sought.〔 * (Karl Volk:) ''Carl Benz. Lebensfahrt eines Erfinders''. Koehler & Amelang 1925, unveränderte Neuauflage München 2001, ISBN 3-7338-0302-7. (( Onlineversion )), chapter: "Der neue Wagen holt sich auf der Münchener Ausstellung 1888 die Große Goldene Medaille".〕 The drive was very helpful for Karl Benz, as he was able to introduce several improvements after his wife reported everything that had happened along the way – and she made important suggestions, such as the introduction of an additional gear for climbing hills.〔(Karl Volk:) ''Carl Benz. Lebensfahrt eines Erfinders''. Koehler & Amelang 1925, unchanged reprint München 2001, ISBN 3-7338-0302-7. (( Onlineversion )), at the end of the chapter: "Wir fahren in die Welt! Die erste Fernfahrt".〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bertha Benz Memorial Route」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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